Daytime aerial view of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2 and its supporting airport facilities.
Architecture Transportation Public Interface Professional Work

Spatial Systems

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2 and Supporting Facilities

Shaping passenger interface, commercial flow and implementation quality in a major airport terminal.

This case focuses on the passenger-facing systems inside a major airport terminal. The work included commercial areas, check-in islands, counters, security check partitions, railing systems and the detailed control needed to bring these elements into the built environment.

The project was not only about terminal form. It required decisions about how passengers see, understand, move, wait, check in, pass through security and use services. The design work had to balance spatial clarity, operational logic, material durability, human scale and construction quality.

For HENEX, this case shows how built environments can shape public experience through sensory wayfinding, service touchpoints and physical detail.

Night view of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2 from the landside approach.
The landside night view introduces the terminal as a public transport environment where arrival, access and first impressions are shaped before passengers enter the building.

I served as Architect in Charge for the overall project and contributed as one of the scheme design contributors. My role included architectural control across the terminal design, with deeper implementation responsibility for all commercial areas during the construction documentation stage.

I also worked on passenger-facing facility systems, including check-in islands, counters, security check partitions and railing systems. These elements required coordination between passenger movement, operational requirements, human scale, material durability, visual quality, manufacturer samples and site implementation.

This role gave me a close view of how large public environments are experienced through both spatial systems and small physical touchpoints. Counters, partitions, patterns, materials and boundary systems became part of how passengers read the terminal and move through it.

Check-in island inside the airport terminal departure environment.
Check-in islands and service counters were treated as passenger-facing interfaces, not isolated objects.

Context

A national aviation hub.

Terminal 2 forms part of a major airport system designed for high passenger volume and complex movement. The terminal brings together departure and arrival flows, commercial areas, security processes, service counters, airside connections and landside access.

In this context, architecture had to work at multiple scales. The terminal needed a clear overall identity, but it also needed spaces and details that passengers could understand during time-sensitive journeys. Movement, visibility, waiting, service access and operational flexibility all shaped the design problem.

Line drawing locating the terminal within the wider airport arrangement.
The masterplan drawing locates the terminal within the wider airport arrangement and remains a supporting image rather than the main visual proof.
Daytime landside aerial view of the terminal and surrounding access infrastructure.
The landside aerial view shows the terminal as part of a broader transport and public movement system.
Roof system view showing the formal language of Terminal 2.
The roof system translated the cloud concept into a large-scale public form that could be recognised from approach views.
Roof system detail view of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2.
Roof geometry, span and rhythm helped establish a terminal identity before passengers reached the interior sequence.

Airport commercial areas do not work like conventional shopping centres. In a typical shopping centre, movement can be exploratory and repeated. In an airport terminal, passenger movement is directional, time-limited and shaped by check-in, security, immigration, boarding and operational procedures.

This creates a specific challenge. Commercial space must be visible and accessible, but it cannot interrupt the transport function. Service facilities must be easy to find and use, but they also need to meet security, operational and maintenance requirements.

Passenger attention is limited, so spatial cues, material boundaries and service touchpoints need to work together. The design challenge was to support movement while improving the visibility, usability and quality of the passenger-facing environment.

Commercial area drawing showing retail, circulation and public movement.
The commercial area drawing shows how retail, circulation and public movement were considered as one spatial system.

The commercial areas were planned around passenger movement rather than separated from it. The design approach treated retail visibility, circulation geometry and spatial recognition as part of the terminal experience. The commercial layout moved beyond a simple corridor arrangement.

Shops were distributed along key movement paths, entries were widened, and turning geometry was adjusted to improve visual continuity. The aim was to help passengers notice, understand and pass through the commercial environment without losing the clarity of the airport journey.

A later study used space syntax analysis to compare the commercial area before and after design optimisation. The study focused on visibility, accessibility and spatial cognition. It showed how circulation shape, shop distribution, entrance width and turning radius could affect how passengers see, reach and understand commercial space.

International commercial area inside Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2.
The international commercial area shows how retail space became part of the passenger journey rather than a detached shopping strip.
Domestic commercial area inside the terminal.
The domestic commercial zone was organised to support visibility, entry clarity and continuous passenger movement.
International commercial area view inside the terminal.
The commercial language had to work across different passenger conditions while keeping the transport environment legible.
Depthmap visibility analysis for commercial layout option A.
Later comparative study, layout option A.
Depthmap visibility analysis for commercial layout option B.
Later comparative study, layout option B.
Later study

A Comparative Research on Commercial Area Design in Terminal Buildings of Hub Airports, A Case Study Based on Terminal 2 of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. South Architecture, 2022, 0(11), 60 to 67.

Visibility

The optimised layout improved sightlines across the core commercial area.

Accessibility

Wider entries and adjusted circulation geometry increased reach and usability.

Recognition

Commercial flow became easier to read without disrupting the wider airport journey.

The passenger-facing facility systems were central to the terminal experience. Check-in islands, counters, security check channels and partition systems shaped how passengers approached services, understood boundaries, queued, interacted with staff and continued their journey.

The counter system covered multiple functions, including check-in counters, security check counters, immigration inspection counters, service counters, inquiry counters and boarding counters. These counters needed to align with the interior language of Terminal 2 while meeting practical requirements for human scale, durability and ease of use.

Security check channels were designed as integrated facility units. A typical unit combined baggage inspection benches, verification counters, cameras, screens, service interfaces, reserved high-voltage and low-voltage connections, and finished partitions into one coordinated system.

Drawing of the check-in island system.
The check-in island acted as a public service interface where movement, waiting, counter access and operational requirements came together.
Service counter inside the airport terminal.
Service counters aligned passenger interaction, material language and operational needs.
Counter section drawing showing human scale and material layers.
Counter sections helped control human scale, durability, material finish and passenger-facing quality.
Security check island integrated with equipment and partition systems.
The security check island integrated equipment, partitions, technical interfaces and visual language into one standardised system.

Implementation quality depended on how drawings, materials, samples and site decisions were controlled. For passenger-facing elements, the design could not stop at appearance. It had to account for ergonomics, material life, cleaning, technical interfaces, manufacturer constraints and consistency across repeated components.

Counters used brushed stainless steel panels in wood grain and natural finishes, with Chinese black granite and phenolic resin countertops. These materials were selected to balance visual quality, durability and alignment with the terminal interior.

The fritted glass patterns in the partition systems required a separate layer of design and production control. I was responsible for the pattern design. During manufacturer coordination, sample production exposed technical and visual issues that needed to be reviewed on site.

Counter detail drawing showing material and construction logic.
Counter details were used to control material finish, durability and the scale of passenger interaction.
Canopy detail drawing showing the tensile membrane edge and connection logic.
The tensile membrane detail translated the cloud concept into a passenger touchpoint at the arrival edge of the terminal.

The terminal’s architectural language was shaped by the cloud concept, expressed through roof form, canopy rhythm, ceiling systems, light and material continuity. These elements supported the terminal identity while helping passengers read the scale and direction of the space.

The tensile membrane canopy became one of the first passenger touchpoints after arrival at the terminal frontage. The sequence continued through the departure hall ceiling and concluded again at the boarding bridge, where passengers moved from terminal interior to aircraft connection.

This section supports the HENEX lens through perception, affect and matter. The terminal is read not only through signs, but also through light, form, material, rhythm and spatial memory.

Boarding bridge with the same formal language as the terminal system.
Boarding bridge form and rhythm were also part of the passenger journey and the larger scheme control.
Drawing of the tensile membrane canopy system.
The canopy drawing shows how the arrival touchpoint was controlled in both concept and built detail.

The project was completed and opened for public use as part of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport’s expanded terminal system. It became a built example of large-scale transport architecture where passenger movement, commercial planning, service facilities and public-facing detail had to work together.

The project received national and provincial recognition for architectural design, engineering quality and green building innovation. The commercial area strategy was later examined through a published comparative study on hub airport terminal commercial design.

AwardArchitectural Society of China Architectural Design Award, Gold Award
AwardIndustry Excellent Survey and Design Award, First Prize
AwardGuangdong Provincial Outstanding Engineering Survey and Design Award, First Prize
AwardNational Green Building Innovation Award, First Prize
Publication

A Comparative Research on Commercial Area Design in Terminal Buildings of Hub Airports, A Case Study Based on Terminal 2 of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. South Architecture, 2022, 0(11), 60 to 67.

This project taught me that large public environments are understood through sequences of touchpoints rather than through one single architectural gesture. Canopy edges, check-in islands, queues, counters, partitions, commercial turns and boarding transitions all become part of how people read and remember a terminal.

It also made the connection between architecture and later HENEX work clearer. Public experience depends on visibility, touch, rhythm, material cues and service interfaces as much as it depends on form. This became an early bridge between built environment design and later work in UX, service design and public interface systems.

The project remains important because it shows how architectural design can move from scheme control to implementation quality while staying focused on passenger understanding, service use and spatial legibility.

HENEX Method Recipe

R11 explains how passenger movement becomes readable through spatial cues.

HENEX Lens

R11 · Sensory Wayfinding Map

Perception × Affect × Matter

This case connects to R11 because passenger movement depends on visibility, atmosphere and material cues rather than on signage alone. Commercial sightlines, public hall rhythm, counters, partitions, canopy edges and boarding transitions all helped make the terminal easier to read in motion.

Perception Affect Matter
R14 R17 R02 R08